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8960 1xEV-DO Online User's Guide
E1966A, E1976A, E6706B
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Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement Description

Last Updated: July 23, 2008

How is a Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement Made?

Waveform quality is the basic measure of the performance of a CDMA transmitter. Waveform quality provides information on how well the access terminal's signal matches the ideal signal.

The test set's waveform quality measurement is made by sampling (on a slot-by-slot basis) the AT transmitter down-converted input signal, then applying DSP (Digital Signal Processing) techniques to determine the original data input to the access terminal transmitter's Walsh spreading function for each channel. The DSP then generates a representation of what the "ideal" signal would be given the coding and data in use at the time of transmission. The ideal waveform is then compared with the measured waveform to determine the waveform quality.

Code domain power determines the power in each Walsh code of the access terminal's signal. This allows you to determine how the power is distributed in the access terminal's signal.

The test set's code domain measurements are made by decoding each Walsh code in the access terminal's signal using a Walsh code correlation algorithm. This algorithm measures the waveform correlation factor for each Walsh code. Once the channels are decoded, the power in each code channel is determined.

The waveform quality + code domain measurement returns two sets of results: waveform quality results and code domain results. When you initiate the waveform quality + code domain measurement, both sets of results are always determined, you do not need to initiate them individually (saving you measurement time). The measurement triggering occurs on the test set's internal ~26.667 ms frame clock (the measurement always begins at the start of a frame).

Operating Considerations

You must establish an RTAP ( for subtype 0 physical layer ) or RETAP ( for subtype 2 physical layer ) connection prior to making the waveform quality + code domain measurements. For detailed manual procedure, see Measuring Waveform Quality + Code Domain Power .

Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement Parameters

  • Slots to Measure - Sets the number of contiguous slots that are sampled during the waveform quality + code domain measurement. It can be set to any integer from 1 to 8 slots ( for subtype 0 physical layer ) or 1 to 4 slots ( for subtype 2 and subtype 3 physical layer ). The returned measurement result indicates the average result over the specified slots.

    C.S0033 specifications require that all code domain power measurements acquire 1.66... ms (1 slot) of active data for each channel involved in the calculation. Because not all channels are active for an entire slot, code domain measurements often must acquire data for several slots to compile 1.66... ms of active data for the channels under test. For example, for any subtype 0 physical layer code domain tests involving the power in the R-Pilot channel, the measurement must obtain data from 2 slots, since the R-Pilot channel is only active for 7/8 of a slot.

    According to the duty cycle of each channel (percentage of active time during a slot) (see Subtype 0 Reverse Channel Summary and Subtype 2 Reverse Channel Summary respectively), the recommended Slots to Measure settings are thus as follows:
    Recommended Slots to Measure Settings
    C.S0033-A Test

    Description

    		 Recommended Slots to Measure Setting
    Subtype 0 Physical Layer Subtype 2 Physical Layer

    4.1.2 Frequency Accuracy

    		 1 1

    4.2.1 Time Reference

    		 1 1

    4.2.2 Waveform Quality and Frequency Accuracy

    		 1 1
    4.3.7 RRI Channel Output Power

    This test compares the R-RRI Channel power to the R-Pilot Channel power.

    8 (Because the RRI Channel is only active for 1/8 of a slot and the R-Pilot Channel is only active for 7/8 of a slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 8 for this test.)

    1 (Because both the R-RRI and R-Pilot channels are active for full slot, you can set Slots to Measure to at least 1 for this test.)

    4.3.8.1 DRC Channel Output Power

    This test compares the R-DRC Channel power to the R-Pilot Channel power.

    		 2 (Because the DRC Channel is active for full slot and the R-Pilot Channel is only active for 7/8 of a slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 2 for this test.) 1 (Because both the DRC and R-Pilot channels are active for full slot, you can set Slots to Measure to at least 1 for this test.)

    4.3.8.2 ACK Channel Output Power

    This test compares the R-ACK Channel power to the R-Pilot Channel power.

    		2 (Because the R-ACK Channel is only active for 1/2 of a slot and the R-Pilot Channel is only active for 7/8 of a slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 2 for this test.) 2 (Because the R-ACK Channel is only active for 1/2 of a slot and the R-Pilot Channel is active for full slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 2 for this test.)

    4.3.8.3 Data Channel Output Power
    (Tests 1-4, 6-10)

    These tests compare the R-Data Channel power to the R-Pilot Channel power.

    2 (Because the R-Data channel is active for full slot and the R-Pilot Channel is only active for 7/8 of a slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 2 for these tests.)

    1 (Because Both the R-Data and R-Pilot channels are active for full slot, you can set Slots to Measure to at least 1 for these tests.)

    4.3.8.4 DSC Channel Output Power

    This test compares the R-DSC Channel power to the R-Pilot Channel power.

    		Not applicable 2 (Because the R-DSC Channel is only active for 1/2 of a slot and the R-Pilot Channel is active for full slot, you must set Slots to Measure to at least 2 for this test.)

    4.3.8.3 Data Channel Output Power
    (Test 5)

    		 This test compares the inactive channel power to the total power. 1 (This test measures the power in the inactive channels relative to total power. There is no comparison to R-Pilot power, so Slots to Measure can be set to 1 for this test.) 1 (This test measures the power in the inactive channels relative to total power.)

  • Multi-Measurement Count - Sets the number of times the measurement will be performed. Each measurement begins on the next available frame boundary (it must wait for the previous measurement to complete, then it begins on the next available frame boundary). When all of the measurements have been performed, the average, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of the results are returned for waveform quality (standard deviation is only available programmatically), only average result is returned for code domain.
    For example, if Slots to Measure is set to two and Multi-Measurement Count is set to four:
    1. Two contiguous slots are measured and averaged
    2. On the next available frame boundary, two contiguous slots are measured and averaged.
    3. On the next available frame boundary, two contiguous slots are measured and averaged.
    4. On the next available frame boundary, two contiguous slots are measured and averaged.
    5. The results of steps 1-4 are averaged and reported.

    (See Statistical Measurement Results ).

  • Ack Channel Gain - (see ACK Channel Gain )
  • DRC Channel Gain - (see DRC Channel Gain )
  • DSC Channel Gain ( only available for subtype 2 physical layer ) - (see DSC Channel Gain )
  • Graphical Waveform Quality State

    On - When the Graphical Waveform Quality State is set to On, the softkey Graphical Waveform Quality is available and displayed to give a graphical or numerical view of Chip EVM Graphical Display , IQ Constellation Graphical Display , and Waveform Quality Numerical Display .

    Off - When the Graphical Waveform Quality State is set to Off, the softkey Graphical Waveform Quality will not be available and displayed, and the FETCh:DOWQuality:EVM:TRACe? will return 9.91E37 (NAN). The default value of Graphical Waveform Quality State is Off.

       
    NOTE
    When the current view is Graphical Waveform Quality, setting the Graphical Waveform Quality State to OFF will cause the view change to Numeric Rho by force.
       

  • Trigger Arm - (see Trigger Arm (Single or Continuous) Description ).
  • Timeout Time/State - (see Measurement Timeouts ).

   
NOTE
Both the Slots to Measure and Multi-Measurement Count are not applicable to the graphical Waveform Quality measurement. When Slots to Measure is greater than 1 and Multi-Measurement Count is set to on, only the Chip EVM or IQ Constellation measurement results for the last slot during the last measurement will be returned.
   

Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement Results

Waveform Quality Measurement Results

The waveform quality (numeric rho) measurement returns:

  • Multi-Code Rho: The fraction of signal energy that correlates with an ideal signal after time offset and frequency error have been removed. Range is 0.0000 to 1.0000, with 1 being a perfectly correlated signal.
  • Frequency Error (in Hz): Measure of how accurately the access terminal is transmitting at its assigned center frequency.
  • Time Error (in µs on measurement screen, in s programmatically): Measure of how accurately the access terminal has aligned its timing to the pilot signal broadcast from the test set.
  • Carrier Feedthrough (in dBc): The ratio of the movement away from the origin of the constellation of the transmitted signal to the unit circle magnitude of the constellation (measure of I/Q modulator DC offsets).
  • Phase Error (in degrees): The root-mean-square sum of the phase components of each of the error vectors included in the EVM calculation, expressed in degrees (rms phase difference between the ideal and actual signal).
  • Magnitude Error (in %): The ratio of the root-mean-square sum of the magnitude components of each of the error vectors included in the EVM calculation to the unit circle magnitude of the signal vector (rms amplitude difference between the ideal and actual signal).
  • Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) (in %): The ratio of the root-mean-square sum of the magnitude of each of the error vectors to the unit circle magnitude of the signal vector.
  • Payload Size (in bits): ( Only available for subtype 2 physical layer )
    It indicates the R-Data payload size that the test set detects from the R-RRI channel (R-RRI channel carries the payload size and sub-packet identifier information). The test set uses the detected payload size to demodulate the R-Data channel. Payload Size can be queried with the FETCh:DOWQuality:PAYLoad? .

    The R-Data packet size determines the modulation format, walsh codes and spread factor of the R-Data channel, as shown in the table below.
    Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes

    R-Data Packet Size (bits)

    R-Data Modulation Type

    Modulation Name

    Spreading Factor (SF)

    Walsh Code

    Duty Cycle

    128, 256, 512, 768 or 1024

    B4

    BPSK

    4

    Q:2

    Full slot

    1536 or 2048

    Q4

    QPSK

    4

    Q:2

    Full slot

    4

    I:2

    Full slot

    3072 or 4096

    Q2

    QPSK

    2

    Q:1

    Full slot

    2

    I:1

    Full slot

    6144 or 8192

    Q4Q2

    		 QPSK

    4

    Q:2

    Full slot

    4

    I:2

    Full slot

    2

    Q:1

    Full slot

    2

    I:1

    Full slot

    12288

    E4E2

    8-PSK

    4

    Q:2

    Full slot

    4

    I:2

    Full slot

    2

    Q:1

    Full slot

    2

    I:1

    Full slot

       
    NOTE
    For subtype 0 physical layer, the waveform quality + code domain measurement always uses the RTAP Rate parameter to demodulate R-Data channel. So when the specified R-Data data rate is different from the actual R-Data data rate, the measurement results are incorrect. For example, the measurement can be accessed in FTAP and Default Packet Application connection where the results look good but should not be used because the actual R-Data date rate does not match the specified value.

    Instead of using the specified R-Data Pkt Size , the subtype 2 waveform quality + code domain measurement uses the actual payload size detected from the R-RRI channel (R-RRI channel carries the payload size and sub-packet identifier information) to demodulate the R-Data channel. The results reflect the current reverse link data signal.

       

A typical waveform quality measurement result is shown below:

Code Domain Power Measurement Results Available from the Measurement Screen

The Code Domain Power measurement displays the power and noise levels of reverse code channels. Two measurement results screen are available for Code Domain Power.

An example display for the Code Domain Power measurement results for subtype 0 physical layer is shown as below.

Code Domain Power Graphical Display

  • The x axis always has a resolution of 16 walsh codes (corresponding to the spreading factor (SF) 16 for subtype 0 physical layer ) or 32 walsh codes (corresponding to the SF 32 for subtype 2 physical layer ).

    Note that the Walsh codes are not displayed in sequential order of 0 to 15 or 0 to 31, but rather in bit reversed order (see Bit reversal ). This ordering allows for a reverse channel occupying more walsh codes grouped together to form one contiguous wide bar (called a bin) on the display. As shown in the figure above, Q:2 SF16 , Q:10 SF16 , Q:6 SF16 , and Q:14 SF16 constitute subtype 0 R-Data (Q:2 SF4 ). See also Subtype 0 Reverse Channel Walsh Code Distribution .

  • The height of the histogram bars indicates power level on that walsh code. A red histogram bar indicates that the Walsh code is active. A yellow bar indicates that the Walsh code is inactive (noise).

  • Marker: A marker can be positioned on any of the 16 or 32 Walsh codes and it applies to both the I and the Q graphs simultaneously. When the marker is positioned on a single walsh code, the power of that walsh code is displayed in dB. For example, for subtype 0 physical layer, if you select Walsh code I:4, the power in I:4 SF16 is displayed. In subtype 2 physical layer, if you select Walsh code I:4, the power in I:4 SF32 is displayed.

    The maker power (in dB) is the average power in the Walsh code integrated over a slot, divided by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. This power level includes any desired signal as well as noise present in the selected Walsh code (SF = 16 or 32).

    For a reverse channel occupying more than one SF 16 or 32 walsh codes, the test set measures the power in all of the Walsh codes for that reverse channel, then determines and reports the average power present in each of the Walsh codes for that reverse channel. For example, for subtype 0 physical layer, the R-ACK channel (I:4 SF8 ) encompasses both I:4 SF16 and I:12 SF16 . The test set thus measures the power in I:4 SF16 and I:12 SF16 , then divides by 2 to determine the average power in each of these Walsh codes. The marker powers reported for Walsh codes I:4 SF16 and I:12 SF16 are thus always identical.

  • Bin Delta Pilot ( only available for subtype 2 physical layer R-Data channel )

    For the subtype 2 physical layer, the R-Data channel may comprise one, two or four walsh channels (I:2 SF=4 , Q:2 SF=4 , I:1 SF=2 , Q:1 SF=2 , see Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes for details). When you place a marker on a walsh code belonging to any of the walsh channel of R-Data channel, the Bin Pilot result (normalized total code domain power of the walsh channel relative to R-Pilot) is also displayed following the Marker power result. For details on how this result is derived, see Delta Pilot (Normalized Total CDP Relative to R-Pilot) . This new result is required for the R-Data code domain power test as defined in the C.S0033-A 4.8.3.3.

    The figure below is an example display for subtype 2 physical layer R-Data channel (with R-Data packet size of 6144 bits) assigned with I:2 SF=4 , Q:2 SF=4 , I:1 SF=2 and Q:1 SF=2 walsh channels.

Code Domain Power Tabular Data

The table below the graph provides code domain power measurement results for each of the reverse channels. The subtype 0 reverse channels include R-Pilot, R-RRI, R-DRC, R-ACK and R-Data and subtype 2 reverse channels include R-Pilot, R-Aux Pilot R-RRI, R-DSC, R-DRC, R-ACK and R-Data. For details, see Reverse Channel Overview .

The measurement results are as follows:

  • Walsh

    This column reports whether the channel resides on I or Q, and at what Walsh code.
    Note: For subtype 2 physical layer, the modulation type of the R-Data is displayed here which indirectly determines the I/Q channel, Walsh code and spreading factor (SF) being used. For example, Q4Q2 indicates QPSK modulation with both a 4 bit (SF=4) and a 2 bit (SF=2) walsh code for spreading, applied to both I and Q channels. This results in R-Data encompassing I:2 SF=4 , Q:2 SF=4 , I:1 SF=2 and Q:1 SF=2 walsh channels. For details, see Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes .

  • SF (Spread Factor)

    This column indicates the spread factor of the channel. It also indicates the length of the Walsh code (For example, spread factor 8 indicates the Walsh code is 8 digits in length).

    For subtype 2 physical layer, the SF for R-Data with modulation type other than B4 is not displayed because R-Data may be assigned to more than one walsh channels with different SF (see Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes for details).

    Note that the SF of the channel affects its bar width displayed on the graph. For subtype 0 physical layer, if the channel has a SF of 16, 8 or 4, it will occupy 1, 2, or 4 of the total 16 bars, respectively. For subtype 2 physical layer, if the channel has a SF of 32, 16, 8, 4 or 2, it will occupy 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 of the total 32 bars, respectively. For details, see Relationship Between Spread Factors and Walsh Code Space .

  • CDP (Code Domain Power)

    This column indicates the average power in one of the channels' walsh code over a slot, divided by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. It may not equal to the Marker power if the channel is not transmitted at full slot. See the following table for details.
    Code Domain Power (CDP)
    Channel Subtype 0 Physical Layer Subtype 2 Physical Layer

    R-Pilot

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code I:0 SF16 during the last 7/8 of the slot. Since the power in the first 1/8 of the slot contains the R-RRI transmission, the test set sets this power to zero. It then averages this power distribution over the entire slot and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    If you add the values for R-Pilot and R-RRI CDP, the result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:0 SF16 .

    R-Pilot channel (I:0 SF16 ) encompasses both I:0 SF32 and I:16 SF32 . The test set measures the power in Walsh codes I:0 SF32 and I:16 SF32 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. The test set then divides this result by 2 and thus reports the average power for one spread factor 32 Walsh code of the R-Pilot channel.

    Because R-Pilot is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for any of the Walsh codes I:0 SF32 and I:16 SF32 .
    R-RRI

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code I:0 SF16 during the first 1/8 of the slot. Since the power in the last 7/8 of the slot contains the R-Pilot transmission, the test set sets this power to zero. It then averages this power distribution over the entire slot, and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    If you add the values for R-Pilot and R-RRI CDP, the result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:0 SF16 .

    R-RRI channel (I:4 SF16 ) encompasses both I:4 SF32 and I:20 SF32 . The test set measures the power in Walsh codes I:4 SF32 and I:20 SF32 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. The test set then divides this result by 2 and thus reports the average power for one spread factor 32 Walsh code of the R-RRI channel.

    Because R-RRI is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for any of Walsh codes I:4 SF32 and I:20 SF32 .

    R-DRC

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code Q:8 SF16 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    Because R-DRC is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code Q:8 SF16 .

    R-DRC channel (Q:8 SF16 ) encompasses both Q:8 SF32 and Q:24 SF32 . The test set measures the power in Walsh codes Q:8 SF32 and Q:24 SF32 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. The test set then divides this result by 2 and thus reports the average power for one spread factor 32 Walsh code of the R-DRC channel.

    Because R-DRC is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for any of the Walsh codes Q:8 SF32 and Q:24 SF32 .
    R-ACK

    R-ACK channel (I:4 SF8 ) encompasses both I:4 SF16 and I:12 SF16 (see Subtype 0 Reverse Channel Walsh Code Distribution ). The test set measures the power in Walsh codes I:4 SF16 and I:12 SF16 during the first 1/2 of the slot. Since the R-ACK doesn't transmit during the second 1/2 of the slot, the test set sets this power to zero. It then averages this power distribution over the entire slot, and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. The test set then divides this result by 2 and thus reports the average power for one spread factor 16 Walsh code of the R-ACK channel.

    Ideally this value is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:4 SF16 or I:12 SF16 (They will only be equal if the power in Walsh code I:4 SF16 or I:12 SF16 during the second 1/2 of the slot is zero. If there is noise, or some of the R-ACK transmission occurs in the second 1/2 of the slot, then that power will not be measured and included in the CDP result. However the marker power will include this power, since it does not assume the power in the second 1/2 of the slot is zero, but actually measures it.)

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code I:12 SF32 during the first half of the slot. Since the power in the last half of the slot contains the R-DSC transmission, the test set sets this power to zero. It then averages this power distribution over the entire slot and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    If you add the CDP values for R-ACK and R-DSC, the result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:12 SF32 .

    R-Data

    R-Data channel (Q:2 SF4 ) encompasses the Q:2 SF16 , Q:6 SF16 , Q:10 SF16 and Q:14 SF16 (see Subtype 0 Reverse Channel Walsh Code Distribution ). The test set measures the power in Walsh codes Q:2 SF16 , Q:6 SF16 , Q:10 SF16 and Q:14 SF16 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. The test set then divides this result by 4 and thus reports the average power for one spread factor 16 Walsh code of the R-Data channel.

    Because R-Data is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for any of the Walsh codes Q:2 SF16 , Q:6 SF16 , Q:10 SF16 and Q:14 SF16 .

    The walsh channels allocated to R-Data channel varies based on the R-Data modulation type (see Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes ). The R-Data channel may consist of 1, 2, or 4 walsh channels:

    • Q:2 SF4 for B4 modulation
    • Q:2 SF4 and I:2 SF4 for Q4 modulation
    • Q:1 SF2 and I:1 SF2 for Q2 modulation
    • Q:2 SF4 , I:2 SF4 , Q:1 SF2 and I:1 SF2 for Q4Q2 or E4E2 modulation

    The test set measures the code domain power for each of the walsh channels allocated to the R-Data channel. There may have 1, 2, or 4 CDP values. The R-Data CDP value is only displayed for B4 modulation (Q:2 SF4 ). In all other cases, the CDP values are not displayed but used for calculating the total CDP value.

    R-DSC

    		 Not applicable.

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code I:12 SF32 during the last half of the slot. Since the power in the first half of the slot contains the R-ACK transmission, the test set sets this power to zero. It then averages this power distribution over the entire slot and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    If you add the values for R-ACK and R-DSC CDP, the result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:12 SF32 .
    R-Aux Pilot Not applicable.

    The test set measures the power in Walsh code I:28 SF32 and divides by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

    Because R-Aux Pilot is transmitted over an entire slot, this result is equal to the Marker Power for Walsh code I:28 SF32 .

    Note that the R-Auxiliary Pilot channel may not be transmitted. See Auxiliary Pilot Channel Min Payload for details.

  • Total CDP (Total Code Domain Power)

    This column indicates the total power in the channel. It is derived mathematically from the CDP column, by multiplying CDP value for each channel by the base SF 16 or 32 and dividing by the SF of the particular channel. So the channel's Total CDP (dB) = CDP (dB) + 10log(Base SF)/SF ch ).
    For subtype 2 physical layer, R-Data using modulation type other than B4 may comprise two or four walsh channels. The total CDP value for each walsh channel of the R-Data should be converted according to the above formula, then added together to obtain the Total CDP for the R-Data channel. (Note that the interim results, total CDP for each walsh channel of the R-Data, are also used for deriving the Bin Pilot result for that walsh channel of R-Data, see Bin Delta Pilot (only available for subtype 2 physical layer R-Data channel) .)

    Total CDP Calculation

    Reverse Channel

    Subtype 0 Physical Layer

    (Base SF = 16)

    Subtype 2 Physical Layer

    (Base SF = 32)

    Spread Factor

    		 Value to Add to CDP
    10log(Base SF/SF ch ) dB

    Spread Factor

    		 Value to Add to CDP
    10log(Base SF/SF ch ) dB

    R-Pilot

    16

    0 dB

    16

    3.01 dB

    R-RRI

    16

    0 dB

    16

    3.01 dB

    R-DRC

    16

    0 dB

    16

    3.01 dB

    R-ACK

    8

    3.01 dB

    32

    0 dB

    R-Data

    4

    6.02 dB

    Modulation type dependent (see Subtype 2 R-Data Packet Size, Modulation Type and Walsh Codes )

    Q:2 SF=4 : add 9.03 dB
    I:2 SF=4 : add 9.03 dB
    Q:1 SF=2 : add 12.04 dB
    I:1 SF=2 : add 12.04 dB

    R-DSC

    Not applicable.

    32

    0 dB

    R-Aux Pilot

    Not applicable.

    32

    0 dB
  • Norm Total (Normalized Total Code Domain Power)

    This column is derived mathematically from the Total CDP column, normalizing the power according to the channel's duty cycle (the fraction of a slot that the channel is transmitting). It multiplies the channel's Total CDP by 1 slot and divides by the channel's duty cycle. So the channel's Norm Total CDP (dB) = Total CDP (dB) + 10log(1/Duty Cycle ch )
    The Norm Total result is equal to the total CDP if the channel's duty cycle is full slot. For example, regardless of the type of the physical layer subtype, the R-Data and R-DRC channes are always transmitted at full slot. So the Norm Total results for the R-Data and R-DRC equal to their Total CDP results.

    Normalized Total CDP Calculation

    Reverse Channel

    Subtype 0 Physical Layer

    Subtype 2 Physical Layer

    Duty Cycle
    (Slot)

    		 Value to Add to Total CDP
    10log(1 /Duty Cycle) dB

    Duty Cycle
    (Slot)

    		 Value to Add to Total CDP
    10log(1 /Duty Cycle) dB

    R-Pilot

    7/8

    0.58 dB

    1

    0 dB

    R-RRI

    1/8

    9.03 dB

    1

    0 dB

    R-DRC

    1

    0 dB

    1

    0 dB

    R-ACK

    1/2

    3.01 dB

    1/2

    3.01 dB

    R-Data

    		 1

    0 dB

    1

    0 dB

    R-DSC

    Not applicable.

    1/2

    3.01 dB

    R-Aux Pilot

    Not applicable.

    1

    0 dB
  • Delta Pilot (Normalized Total CDP Relative to R-Pilot)

    The Pilot column compares the Norm Total power of each reverse channel to the Norm Total power of the R-Pilot Channel. It is derived mathematically from the Norm Total column by subtracting the R-Pilot Norm Total power (in dB), from each reverse channel's Norm Total power (in dB). The Pilot results for each reverse channel is required by the code domain power tests as defined in the C.S0033-A test standard (see Key C.S0033 Tests Performed Using the Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement ).

    For subtype 2 physical layer, the R-Data channel may comprise one, two or four walsh channels. The R-Data code domain power test as defined in the C.S0033-A 4.8.3.3 not only requires the R-Data Pilot result but also the Pilot results for each walsh channel of R-Data channel. The Pilot results for each walsh channel of R-Data channel is derived by substracting the R-Pilot Norm Total power (in dB), from each walsh channel's Norm Total power (in dB) of R-Data channel. The Pilot results for each walsh channel of R-Data channel can be viewed by placing a marker on the walsh channel belonging to the R-Data channel (see Bin Delta Pilot (only available for subtype 2 physical layer R-Data channel) ).

    Normalized Total CDP Relative to R-Pilot (dB)

    Reverse Channel

    Subtype 0 Physical Layer

    Subtype 2 Physical Layer

    R-Pilot

    This value is always 0 dB.

    R-RRI

    Ideally, this value should equal 0 dB because the R-RRI power level should be transmitted at the same power level as the R-Pilot

    Ideally, this value should equal Current RRI Channel Gain Pre-Transition or Post-Transition (see RRI Gain Parameters ).

    R-DRC

    Ideally, this value should equal DRC Channel Gain (see DRC Channel Gain )

    Ideally, this value should equal DRC Channel Gain (see DRC Channel Gain )

    R-ACK

    Ideally, this value should equal ACK Channel Gain (see ACK Channel Gain ).

    Ideally, this value should equal ACK Channel Gain (see ACK Channel Gain ).

    R-Data

    Ideally, this value should equal Data Offset Nom + Data Offset <rate> + Data Channel Gain (see Expected Power ).

    Ideally, this value should equal Current TxT2P Pre-Transition or Post-Transition (see Expected Power ).

    R-DSC

    Not applicable.

    Ideally, this value should equal DSC Channel Gain (see DSC Channel Gain ).

    R-Aux Pilot

    Not applicable.

    Ideally, this value should equal Auxiliary Pilot Channel Gain + Pilot value of R-Data (see Expected Power ).

Code Domain Power Measurement Results Available Programmatically

From the measurement screen, you can obtain code domain power results from the graphical display and from the tabular data below it. Similarly, there are two groups of commands for obtaining code domain power results programmatically.

Code Domain Power Measurement Results Available for Each Reverse Channel

The code domain power measurement results can be queried by using the commands that refer to code channels by name. The returned results for each code channel are similar to those available from the tabular display on the measurement result screen (see Code Domain Power Tabular Data ).

Code Domain Power Measurement Results Available by Numbered Bins

The code domain power measurement results can be obtained collectively by I channel and Q channel designation. The measurement results for each bar displayed on I and Q graphs can be queried by bins. The following figure takes subtype 0 reverse channels as an example to show the bin numbering system:

Bin Numbering System

Bins are dynamically allocated to code channels depending upon which code channels are active and the code channel spread factors. For subtype 0 physical Layer , if no channel has spread factor less than 16, 16 I bins and 16 Q bins (numbered 0 to 15) are assigned values. For subtype 2 physical layer , if no channel has spread factor less than 32, 32 I bins and 32 Q bins (numbered 0 to 31) are assigned values. For example, on the Q graph of the figure above, R-Data (Q:2 SF4 ) occupying four spread factor 16 walsh codes (Q:2 SF16 , Q:10 SF16 , Q:6 SF16 , and Q:14 SF16 ) is displayed in a contiguous wide bar and assigned to one bin (bin 4). Bins (0, 2, 3 and 5 through 12) that are not active, only contain noise power (yellow bars). Bins 13-15 are unassigned (do not contain any measurement data).

You can query the results for all bins or query the results for a particular bin programmatically.
GPIB Commands for Querying Measurement Results By Bin

Commands for Querying All Bins

Commands for Querying Bins Individually

The commands to query results for all bins on the I or Q channel are:

These commands always return 64 or 128 comma-separated values (4 results for each of 16 or 32 bins). If less than 16 or 32 bins are assigned data (due to some Walsh codes with spread factors less than 16 or 32), four comma-separated +9.91 E+37 (NAN) values will be returned for each unassigned bin. In other words, after all assigned bin data is reported, a series of +9.91 E+37 values separated by commas will be returned until a total of 64 or 128 values have been returned

The commands to query results for a particular I or Q channel bin are:

The commands to query how many bins are assigned for the I or Q channels are:

The following measurement results are returned for each bin.

  • Walsh code state: active (1) or inactive (0).
  • Walsh code number.
  • Spread Factor (SF): See SF (Spread Factor) .
  • Bin Power (in dB)

    Bin power is similar to the Marker power. It is the average power over a slot in one Walsh code (SF=16 or 32), divided by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot. This power level includes any desired signal as well as noise present in the selected Walsh code. The difference between Bin Power and Marker Power is:

    • Marker Power - There are always 16 or 32 marker positions containing measurement results, each position reporting the power for one spread factor 16 or 32 Walsh code.
    • Bin Power - There are often fewer than 16 or 32 bins containing measurement results, and a single bin may report the power for several Walsh codes with spread factor 16 or 32.

    For example, in the figure Bin Numbering System , the SF reported for I channel bin 2 is 8, indicating that two SF 16 Walsh codes are assigned to the bin 2. The bin power returned for I channel bin 2 is the power level of either Walsh code I:12 SF16 or I:4 SF16 , which are part of I:4 SF8

An example return result for FETCh:DOWQuality:CDPower[16]:QCHannel[:ALL]? is shown below. This command always returns 64 comma-separated values (4 results for each of 16 bins). If less than 16 bins are assigned data (due to some Walsh codes with spread factors less than 16), four comma-separated +9.91 E+37 (NAN) values will be returned for each unassigned bin. In other words, after all assigned bin data is reported, a series of +9.91 E+37 values separated by commas will be returned until a total of 64 values have been returned:

 
+0.00000000E+000,+0.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-3.17802200E+001, 
+1.00000000E+000,+8.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.97573800E+000, 
+0.00000000E+000,+4.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-3.44952500E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+1.20000000E+001,+1.60000000E+001,-3.44952500E+001, 
+1.00000000E+000,+2.00000000E+000,+4.00000000E+000,-1.02941100E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+1.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.28410000E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+9.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.29233900E+001,
+0.00000000E+000,+5.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.27497100E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+1.30000000E+001,+1.60000000E+001,-4.27871900E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+3.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.30107000E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+1.10000000E+001,+1.60000000E+001,-4.26903300E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+7.00000000E+000,+1.60000000E+001,-4.30544700E+001, 
+0.00000000E+000,+1.50000000E+001,+1.60000000E+001,-4.32616100E+001, 
9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37,
9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37,
9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37,9.91E37

Note that four comma-separated +9.91 E+37 (NAN) values are returned for bins 13, 14 and 15. These bins are not assigned and do not contain measurement results (see Bin Numbering System ).

Code Domain Power + Noise Measurement Results Available from the Measurement Screen

The measurement screen for Code Domain Power + Noise includes a graphical display which is identical to that on the Code Domain Power screen, except for the treatment of active Walsh codes.

  • On the Code Domain Power screen, active Walsh codes are displayed on the histogram as solid red bars, and when a Walsh code is selected by the marker, the power reported is the total of desired signal power and noise present in the selected Walsh code.
  • On the Code Domain Power + Noise screen, the active Walsh codes are displayed as red and yellow bars, with yellow indicating the noise power in the Walsh code. When the marker is placed on a Walsh code, the total power for the Walsh code is reported as on the Code Domain Power screen, but a separate value is also given for the noise power in the Walsh code.

The following results are thus available from the graphical display:

  • A red and yellow histogram bar, or a solid red bar (if no noise is measured in the Walsh code) indicates that the Walsh code is active. A solid yellow bar indicates that the Walsh code is inactive.
  • Marker Power of the Walsh code (in dB):
    This is identical to the Marker Power for Code Domain Power (see Code Domain Power Graphical Display ).
  • Noise Power of the Walsh code (in dB):
    When the marker is positioned on a Walsh code, the noise power of that Walsh code (SF = 16 or 32) is also displayed. This is the average power level of the noise present in the Walsh code over a slot, divided by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.

A typical Code Domain Power + Noise measurement result for subtype 0 physical layer is shown below:

Code Domain Power + Noise Measurement Results Available Programmatically

The following code domain power + noise measurement results are available for all bins on the I and Q channels programmatically:

  • Walsh code state: active (1) or inactive (0).
  • Spread factor: See SF (Spread Factor) .
  • Noise Power (in dB):
    This is the level of noise present in each of the Walsh codes (SF=16 or 32) assigned to the bin. It is the average power level of the noise present in the Walsh code over a slot, divided by the total power in all of the Walsh codes during the same slot.
  • Bin Power (in dB):
    This is identical to the Code Domain Power Bin Power result (see Code Domain Power Measurement Results Available by Numbered Bins ).

You can query these results for all bins or query the results for a particular bin.
Code Domain Power Measurement Results - Query By Bin

Commands for Querying All Bins

Commands for Querying Bins Individually

The commands to query this data for all bins on the I or Q channel are:

These commands always return 64 or 128 comma-separated values (4 results for each of 16 or 32 bins). If less than 16 or 32 bins are assigned data (due to some Walsh codes with spread factors less than 16 or 32), four comma-separated +9.91 E+37 (NAN) values will be returned for each unassigned bin. In other words, after all assigned bin data is reported, a series of +9.91 E+37 values separated by commas will be returned until a total of 64 or 128 values have been returned.

The commands to query results for a particular I or Q channel bin are:

The commands to query how many bins are assigned for the I or Q channels are:

Graphical Waveform Quality Measurement Results Available from the Measurement Screen

   
NOTE
The Graphical Waveform Quality Measurement is only applicable when the Graphical Waveform Quality State is On.
   

The Graphical Waveform Quality measurement gives a graphical view of the waveform quality of the AT. Three measurement results screen are available for Graphical Qaveform Quality.

The IQ constellation diagram is always redrawn to reflect the latest Chip EVM settings. For example, if the chip EVM for chips 512 through 1023 are plotted, then the IQ constellation is shown for just chips 512 through 1023. The I and Q values for the IQ constellation all range between -1.0 and +1.0.

An example display for the Graphical Waveform Quality measurement results is show below.

Chip EVM Graphical Display

Chip EVM is the calculated EVM at each chip in the measured timeslot. Chip EVM is measured as a 2048 element array of 32-bit floating point numbers. The first element in the array corresponds to the measured EVM for the first chip in the measured time slot, the second element to the EVM for the second chip in the measured time slot, and so on. These results are available graphically on the front panel display and numerically via the GPIB commands.

A marker and axis control shall be available for each Chip EVM.

  • The x axis always has a resolution of 1 chip, range from 0 to 2048.

  • The y axis give a general measured EVM for each corresponding chip, a ratio ranging from 0 to 100.

  • Marker: A maker can be positioned on any of the 2048 chips and it applies to the corresponding chip to indicate the chip EVM.

IQ Constellation Graphical Display

The IQ constellation is the measured IQ signal with origin offset included. IQ constellation is measured as a 4096 element array of ordered pairs. Each ordered pair consists of two 32-bit floating point numbers corresponding to one point in the IQ constellation. The first member in the ordered pair is the I coordinate, the second is the Q coordinate. The array is scaled so all points fall within a unit circle. The first ordered pair in the IQ constellation array corresponds to the first chip in the measured time slot, the second ordered pair in the array corresponds to the second chip in the measured time slot, and so on. The IQ constellation result is only available graphically on the front panel display. It is not be accessible via the GPIB commands.

Waveform Quality Numerical Display

Graphical Waveform Quality Measurement results also provide a numerical display of the standard waveform quality results which is the same as Waveform Quality Measurement Results for easy readability.

Graphical Waveform Quality Measurement Results Available Programmatically

The Graphical Waveform Quality mesurement results can aslo be obtained programmatically.

Waveform Quality + Code Domain Input Signal Requirements

Input Signal Requirements

Key C.S0033 Tests Performed Using the Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement

4.2.2 Waveform Quality and Frequency Accuracy

4.3.7 RRI Channel Output Power

4.3.8 Code Domain Power

Calibrating the Waveform Quality + Code Domain Measurement

The waveform quality + code domain measurement is automatically calibrated during a channel power calibration. Follow the channel power calibration schedule and the waveform quality + code domain power measurement will be properly calibrated. Refer to Calibrating the Test Set for a description of channel power calibration.

Relationship Between Spread Factors and Walsh Code Space

Spread Factor (SF) is a term which indicates which Walsh code set the Walsh code belongs to. For example, Walsh code 11111111 belongs to Walsh code set 8, and thus is said to have a spread factor of 8. The spread factor also indicates the length of the Walsh code (spread factor 8 indicates the Walsh code is 8 digits in length).

The diagram below shows an example of the Walsh code distribution of the subtype 0 reverse channels.

Subtype 0 Reverse Channel Walsh Code Distribution

Note in the figure above, the R-Data is assigned to use Walsh code 2 with a spread factor of four (W2 SF=4 ) on the Q channel. Four SF 16 Walsh codes (W2 SF16 , W6 SF16 , W10 SF16 and W14 SF16 ) are all occupied by Walsh code (W2 SF=4 ). That is, the R-Data occupies four of 16 code space bars as shown Spread Factor 4 Code Space .

Spread Factor 4 Code Space

Bit reversal

Note the order of the spread factor 16 Walsh codes are shown in 16 Bit Walsh Code Order . This order is derived from applying bit reversal to the decimal numbers 0 to 15. Consider Marker Position 13, which corresponds with Walsh code 11.

16 Bit Walsh Code Order

Marker Position 13 evaluates to a binary coded decimal value of 1101. If you reverse that bit sequence, the resulting pattern is 1011. When 1011 is converted back to a decimal value, the result is Walsh code 11, as shown in Walsh Channel Bit Reversal . This numbering system allows supplemental channels with higher data rates to be displayed as one contiguous block.

Walsh Channel Bit Reversal

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